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The patents of acupuncture and moxibustion in China and abroad was analyzed, aiming to provide support for the innovative development of acupuncture industry. With the China Think Tank of Patent of Traditional Chinese Medicine and the PatSnap database as data sources, based on the mathematical statistics method, the application trend, legal status, patent types, transformation and distribution of major technical fields of acupuncture patents in China and abroad were analyzed. As a result, a total of 53,422 acupuncture patents were screened, involving 49 countries and 4 organizations. The patent types were mainly utility model patents. Although the application number of acupuncture patent had increased rapidly, the average patent conversion rate was generally low, approximately 4%. In the context of global economic integration, the acupuncture industry is developing at a high speed. It is suggested to take advantage of the "Belt and Road Initiative" to improve the international acceptance of acupuncture and moxibustion, adhere to the principle of attaching equal importance to the number and quality of patents, promote the in-depth cooperation of industry-university-research, and promote high-quality development of acupuncture and moxibustion.
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Humans , Moxibustion , Acupuncture Therapy , China , Medicine, Chinese Traditional , Databases, FactualABSTRACT
Under the background of internationalization of medical education in China, the general medical education for foreign students started relatively late. At present, there are still some problems in it, such as imperfect curriculum system, lack of unified and standardized textbooks, inadequate language skills of community teachers, difficulties in carrying out practical courses, and cultural differences. Based on the current situation of general practice education for international students in China, this article proposes the following solutions: to insist on standardizing quality management and construct scientific training schemes; to understand the present situation of primary medical and health services in their country of origin, promote cultural integration, and actively explore the fit between training and demand; to write bilingual textbooks suitable for practical needs; to overcome language barriers and build a team of community teachers that speak English; to adopt flexible and diversified teaching modes and comprehensively improve the quality of general practice teaching for international students, so as to promote the communication and dissemination of basic medical and health concepts in China.
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Traditional herbal medicine (THM) is an important part of the traditional Chinese medicine culture. Due to its high medicinal potential, it should not only serve for the Chinese people's medical use, but also contribute to the world medicine, THM for the international market must be standardized and large-scale, and produced according to the “Good Agriculture Practice” (GAP). The quality of THM directly affects the patient's treatment status and safety of use. Therefore, the quality assurance of THM runs through the entire process of research and development, production and clinical practice. The standardized production and cultivation of THM is the starting point of the THM industry chain and plays a decisive role in the economic development of the THM industry. This article summarizes the development history, limitations and future development of GAP, and clarifies the opportunities for THM in the rapid development of the international and domestic Chinese medicine industry. In addition, analyzing the deficiencies that were existing in the former GAP implementation process and by suggesting science-based quality measures, it is hoped to stipulate improved GAP guidelines in the future and to lay the foundation for a modern THM international trade.
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Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) has become an important part of the health system in the Sultanate of Oman. Although there is no independent law, the local health department has implemented the administrative measures such as the admittance assessment system of TCM doctors and the standardized examination and approval of TCM clinics. The development of TCM in the Sultanate of Oman is supported by the policies of the two governments, with the characteristics likemedical cooperation starting with high-level personnel, the cooperation in economy, trade and medical treatment, TCM and local traditional medicine showing inclusive with good base, and the advantages of TCM theory and treatment meeting the needs of the local medical market. The prospect of cooperation in TCM market is broad. It is suggested that the local government should promote the legislation of traditional medicine and improve the admittance system of practitioners. China needs to promote the formulation of international standards of TCM and optimize the cooperation platform of TCM by using Internet and other technologies. The practitioners in China need to carry out medical activities on the premise of understanding and respecting the local cultural background.In order to promote the development of TCM in Arab countries, the Sultanate of Oman will radiate the whole Middle East through the above strategies.
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With the continuous promotion of "Belt and Road Initiative" strategy, it has brought unprecedented opportunities for the development of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) industry in China. Although TCM culture has a long history and TCM industry is huge, the data analysis with the ASEAN countries from 2009 to 2018 shows that there is still much room for development in the aspects of technological progress efficiency, scale efficiency, and technological innovation efficiency of TCM industry in China. The internationalization of TCM industry in the process of "Belt and Road Initiative" strategy from three aspects: setting up "Belt and Road Initiative"TCM technology industry fund, building authentic medicine cluster brand, and promoting the breakthrough of TCM biotechnology by equipment innovation are put forwardin this paper.
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Following the concerted efforts for nearly 70 years, great successes have been achieved in the national schistosomiasis control programme in China. Currently, the national schistosomiasis control programme in China is facing the challenges to solve the problems during the“final mile”stage towards schistosomiasis elimination, and contribute Chinese experiences, Chinese strategy and Chinese wisdom to the global schistosomiasis control programmes, so as to facilitate the transformation of the joint efforts in the Belt and Road Initiative to a high-quality development, thereby well supporting the activities on global health security. This paper analyzes the current global status of schistosomiasis and the challenges of the global schistosomiasis control programmes, describes the basis for the cooperation on schistosomiasis control among the countries along the Belt and Road Initiative, illustrates the challenges for translation of Chinese experiences and techniques in schistosomiasis control to other diseaseendemic countries, and proposes the patterns and prospects of the South-South cooperation on schistosomiasis control under the Belt and Road Initiative.
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“The Belt and Road” initiative has put forward new requirements for the development of international trade in Chinese medicine resources. In the new era, the development of traditional Chinese medicine resources needs to build a new pattern of all-round opening up. Based on the theory of national competitive advantage in international trade and the theory of regional spatial economy, this paper provides a theoretical basis for upgrading the natural import pattern of traditional Chinese medicinal herbs to the new mode of resource economy in the international layout of Chinese medicine resources. The market development of medicinal materials resources also promotes the transformation and upgrades of the domestic traditional Chinese medicine resources industry. Therefore, it is proposed that the international trade of Chinese medicine resources in the new era is an upgraded version of “import trade”. It is a measure for the cultivation and development of the international market of Chinese herbal resources and economy. It is also a strategy to promote domestic scientific and efficient utilization, and provide a theoretical and method basis for formulating the policy of international distribution and optimization of the utilization of new Chinese medicine resources.
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Nowadays, human has entered a "risk society" . The occurrence of major public health events can seriously affect the social stability, economic development and political order, as well as the survival and future of country and people. Our country has proposed a major initiative to jointly build the "Silk Road Economic Belt" and the "21st Century Maritime Silk Road" , which is highly valued by the international community. With the progress of globalization and the continuous promotion of the Belt and Road initiative, and the frequent flows of populations and commodities, the prevention of public health risk in China is also facing new challenges. This paper summarizes the background and framework of the Belt and Road initiative, public health risks and the risks of infectious disease epidemics, analyzes the new challenges in public health risk prevention faced by China in the context of building the Belt and Road, and proposes the suggestions for risk responses to guarantee the building of the Belt and Road and national public health security.
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With the implementation of the national "The Belt and Road" strategy,the international exchange of Chinese medicine is increasing day by day,and foreign drug resources provide a vast space for the development of traditional Chinese medicine(TCM).The introduction of foreign high-quality resources to promote the development of TCM has become the mission of the times to TCM practitioners.In this paper,the successful cases of herbalization of foreign drugs were analyzed.From the three aspects of the image thinking,the original application,the clinical and experimental validation,TCM was recognized and the preliminary research method of herbalization of the foreign medicines was put forward.Through the repeated exploration mode of "theoretical discussion(literature research+field investigation)→experimental verification→clinical practice",the performance of foreign drugs was investigated,providing reference for the research method of herbalization of foreign drugs.
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Objective: To observe the clinical effect of Zheng's Jin Gou Diao Yu (gold-hook-fishing) acupuncture method versus ordinary acupuncture on superficial fascia for treating neck type cervical spondylopathy in Kyrgyz. Methods:A total of 64 Kyrgyz patients conforming to the diagnostic criteria of neck type cervical spondylopathy were included. The patients were randomized into a Zheng's Jin Gou Diao Yu (gold-hook-fishing) acupuncture group and a conventional acupuncture group, with 32 cases in each group. Patients in the Zheng's Jin Gou Diao Yu (gold-hook-fishing) acupuncture group were treated with Zheng's Jin Gou Diao Yu (gold-hook-fishing) acupuncture method to stimulate the superficial fascia, the stimulation sites were primarily located at bilateral sides of the cervical vertebra as well as the trigger points in shoulder-neck region; patients in the conventional acupuncture group were punctured at the same acupoints, with twirling reducing method, and the depth of insertion was determined by the treated region. Patients in both groups received treatment every day for a succession of 5 d as a course, with a 2-day interval between 2 courses, and the whole treatment lasted for 3 courses. After 3 courses of treatment, the McGill pain questionnaire (MPQ) and neck disability index (NDI) were measured to compare the clinical effect between the two groups. Results: After treatment, scores of MPQ and NDI scale dropped when compared with those before treatment, and the differences showed statistical significance (allP<0.05); scores of MPQ and NDI in the Jin Gou Diao Yu (gold-hook-fishing) acupuncture group were substantially lower than those in the conventional acupuncture group, and the differences showed statistical significance (allP<0.05). The total effective rate was 96.9％ in the Jin Gou Diao Yu (gold-hook-fishing) acupuncture group and the cured rate was 78.1％, which were higher than 81.3％ and 40.6％ in the conventional acupuncture group, and the differences showed statistical significance (bothP<0.05). Conclusion: Zheng's Jin Gou Diao Yu (gold-hook-fishing) acupuncture method by stimulating superficial fascia to treat cervical spondylopathy in Kyrgyz can produce a better clinical effect than conventional acupuncture treatment, and is effective in improving pain and stiffness in patients, and thus is worth clinical popularization.
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Vietnam,as an important country along the "one belt and one road",is closely related to China.Chinese traditional medicine has entered Vietnam and gained strong support from policy and public recognition.It has a good foundation for development and a bright future.Based on the current situation of traditional Chinese medicine exchanges between China and Vietnam and Vietnam's basic national conditions,the author puts forward that exploring new cooperative models through multi-level cooperative projects,which relys on the role of the Chinese Chamber of Commerce,and adheres to the complementary promotion between trade in services and trade in goods.They are the feasible ways for Chinese medicine to develop in Vietnam.The development of Chinese medicine in Vietnam needs the adherance to the four principles of bidirectional positioning,suiting measures to local conditions,standardizing standards and risk prevention.
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The Silk Road and the Maritime Silk Road were the important accesses for the exchanges of herbal medicine between the primary traditional medical systems in the ancient world,which also are the strategic links between the areas with herbal medicine widely used and the most active markets for herbs at present. This article focuses on the foreign medicinal resources introduced to traditional Chinese medicine( TCM) in China. As new resources of Chinese Materia Medica( CMM),the four basic conditions should be required,which are the clear origin,the safety and effectiveness in clinical,the efficacy and properties described with theory of TCM.Medicinal property is the key scientific problem of foreign medicinal resources introduced to TCM. The research strategies include three aspects. Medicinal properties of foreign medicinal resources will be deduced and analyzed across multiple medical systems by solving the difference depending on finding the similarities of traditional medical systems. The medicinal properties-efficacies of foreign medicinal resources will be identified by identifying Xiang and selecting similar CMM. And Xiang-properties-efficacies of foreign medicinal resources will be researched under formulae environment using medicinal properties.
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China , Herbal Medicine , Materia Medica , Medicine, Chinese TraditionalABSTRACT
Down the centuries, the pharmaceutical interactions among countries along the "Belt and Road" project have been frequent with abundant contents and took diverse forms, of which medical classics have been an important bridge and a core carrier for cultural exchanges of TCM. This article tries to explore practical significance of the spread of TCM from the "Belt and Road Initiative" background by presenting achievements and shortcomings in current researches on TCM classics.
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@# Objective To explore the application of residual autoregressive model and Holt's two-parameter exponential model in the prediction of infant mortality rate in some countries along the “Belt and Road” (China-Indo-China Peninsula Economic Corridor). Methods The time series data of infant mortality rate in Vietnam, Laos, Cambodia, Myanmar, Thailand, Singapore, Malaysia, and China for 1978-2013 were used as training set to fit residual autoregressive model and Holt's two-parameter exponential model. The 2014-2016 data was used as the validation set to compare the performance of model prediction. Results The akaike information criterion (AIC) value of the residual autoregressive model was superior to Holt's two-parameter exponential model. Both prediction models showed high accuracy, and most evaluation indicators (absolute error and relative error) of residual autoregressive prediction model were smaller than Holt's two-parameter exponential model. The residual autoregressive models of Laos, Myanmar and Cambodia were better than the Holt’s two-parameter exponential model for the infant mortality rate(IMR) prediction in different years. Conclusions The residual autoregressive model and Holt's two-parameter exponential model performed well in infant mortality rate prediction in some countries along the China-Indo-china Peninsula Economic Corridor. The residual autoregressive model has better fitting effect. The residual autoregressive model for infant mortality prediction is superior to the Holt two-parameter exponential model in most countries in most years.
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Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) has been the focus and highlight of the ancient Silk Road trade activities since ancient times. Since the Belt and Road Initiative was proposed for the first time in China in 2013, the internationalized development of TCM has made positive progress. Based on the theory of international mobility of production factors, this paper qualitatively analyzes the "five mechanisms" of international cooperation between China and the countries along the routes in the background of the Belt and Road Initiative: The intergovernmental exchange and cooperation mechanism; cooperation mechanism of TCM inheritance and innovation; TCM service trade cooperation mechanism; TCM resources sharing cooperation mechanism; cooperation mechanism of TCM culture and humanities exchanges. A qualitative and quantitative analysis combined with partial equilibrium analysis were used to analyze the welfare effects before and after the production factors of TCM transnational movement, and make a further investigation on the difficulties and challenges faced by the current international cooperation of TCM in China, and put forward the corresponding countermeasures and suggestions.
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With high-tech, high added-value, and independent intellectual property rights, Chinese patent medicine (CPM) is one of the most important exporting categories in Chinese materia medica (CMM), and its overseas development has become an important symbol of international recognition for CMM. With the implementation of the Belt and Road Initiative and the acceleration of bilateral economic integration, CMM trade between China and Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) is facing with great potential and opportunities. ASEAN market is bound to be a vital breakthrough in the globalization of CPM and has strategic significance for its transnational operation. Since ten member countries of ASEAN have obvious differences in their economic development, market size, and medical and health levels, this paper aims to establish evaluation index system, further subdivide the ASEAN market by means of principal component analysis and hierarchical clustering method, and put forward different marketing strategies for each segmented markets including developed market, emerging market, potential market, and secondary market, hoping to provide useful advice and reference for the globalization of CPM in ASEAN or even in European and American main market.
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To forecast the export trend of Chinese materia medica (CMM) in China in the next few years by using the export data of CMM from 1994 to 2016, and analyze the current situation of CMM export. Based on time series ARIMA model, the optimal model was established by sequence leveling test, model identification, verification, and prediction. The ARIMA (3, 2, 3) model is the optimal model to forecast the export trend of CMM. We use this model to conclude that the forecast of CMM exports in China from 2017 to 2020 is 3.687, 4.363, 4.850, and 4.965 billions, respectively. Finally, we put forward the problem of the share of CMM export supply and its structural problems. The supply of CMM in China does not have a correct understanding of the demand in the international market. China’s exports of CMM should seize the opportunity of the “Comprehensive Health” environment and the “Belt and Road” Initiative.
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It tries to present various perspectives on the value that Qigong brings to the Western world,responding to medical,creative and spiritual needs,and proposes a cultural approach to its dissemination that can encompass all its facets.In the current growth of China's soft power and the implementation of the Belt and Road Initiative,there is a clear opportunity for the development of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) and Qigong abroad that shall bear fruit in the near future,gradually shifting the role of China in the world stage:from a manufactured products supplier to a major influence in culture,lifestyle and thought.
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Most medicines used in the ancient people were the natural raw products, and most of them were discovered during the life.As the differences of the geography,climate and living habits among the different regions,various medicines were used for treatment of diseases in local people.The communica-tion of medicines made a lot of benefits for people living in different regions. Communication of medicines promote the application of medicines and natural resources.As early as 2000 year ago, the ancient Chinese people had sent a lot of medicines to many countries among the Belt and Road during their visiting to these countries. The medicines were the main contents for communication besides of the silk and porcelain.These medicines has been used for treatment of diseases for local people till now.On the Belt and Road, many spices, fruits, seeds produced in different regions were spread among the countries.Most of them were planted and produced in China.But the important events were the application of these special products, such as spices, fruits and seeds used as medicines under the guidance of traditional Chinese medical theory. These drugs have played major roles in the treatment of diseases and development of traditional Chinese medicine. Communication of the medicines, including the medical theory and drugs, improved the medical standards in China.For example,ancient Persian medicine had a significant impact on the use of tradi-tional Chinese medicine in the prescription application.And also, the medicines made important contri-butions to the health of people in the countries on the Belt and Road. Now, the science and techniques have been developed. Many principles and understandings are different from the ancient people. However, the medicines developed in the countries on the Belt and Road still used for the health of human beings.To research the ancient medicines by the modern tech-niques and through co-operation will greatly contribute to human healthand promote the social prog-ress and economic development of the countries on the Belt and Road.
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China was once a country with the heaviest burden of parasitic diseases.Under the leadership of the Communist Party and national authority,after more than 60 years'efforts of prevention and control,the remarkable results have been achieved in China.However,affected by the social and economic development and environmental changes,the prevention and control of parasitic diseases,especially imported parasitic diseases,are facing new challenges,and the parasitic diseases,such as malaria,schistosomiasis,leishmaniasis,filariasis and trypanosomiasis,appear increasingly. With the development of the Belt and Road Initiative,the transmission risks of these diseases are more increased.The purpose of this paper is to describe the experience and results of parasitic disease prevention and control in China,understand the present parasitic disease epidemic situation of the Belt and Road Initiative related countries,analyze the transmission risks of important parasitic diseases,and present some relevant suggestions,so as to provide the evidence for the health administrative department formulating the preven-tion and control strategies of such parasitic diseases timely and effectively.